Caracterización clinicoepidemiológica, ecocardiográfica y terapéutica de pacientes con infarto agudo de miocardio / Clinical, epidemiological, echocardiographic and therapeutic characterization of patients with acute myocardial infarction i: en

Introducción: Aunque la incidencia general de infarto agudo de miocardio ha disminuido en muchos países desarrollados en las últimas décadas, aún genera números elevados de morbilidad y mortalidad en los de bajos ingresos; mostrando cifras mayores en tiempos de la pandemia por coronavirus. Objetivo: Caracterizar a pacientes con diagnóstico de infarto agudo de miocardio según variables clinicoepidemiológicas, ecocardiográficas y terapéuticas. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación descriptiva y retrospectiva, desde enero de 2018 hasta noviembre de 2022, de 263 pacientes con diagnóstico de infarto agudo de miocardio, atendidos en el Centro de Cardiología y Cirugía Cardiovascular de Santiago de Cuba. Entre las variables analizadas figuraron la edad, el sexo, la topografía del infarto, las complicaciones, las alteraciones ecocardiográficas y el tratamiento trombolítico. Resultados: En la serie predominaron el sexo masculino y el grupo etario menor o igual de 65 años. Se observó una mayor frecuencia del infarto en la topografía inferior (177, para 67,3 %); de estos afectados, 52,1 % tuvo complicaciones. Asimismo, la complicación de mayor frecuencia fue la fibrilación auricular paroxística, seguida del infarto de ventrículo derecho; mientras que la fracción de eyección menor de 45 %, el volumen de la aurícula izquierda y la motilidad parietal presentaron significación estadística. Conclusiones: Las características clinicoepidemiológicas, ecocardiográficas y terapéuticas de los pacientes con infarto agudo de miocardio en la provincia de Santiago de Cuba no difieren del contexto epidemiológico mundial.

Introduction: Although the general incidence of acute myocardial infarction has diminished in many developed countries in the last decades, it still generates high numbers of morbidity and mortality in those with low income; showing higher figures in times of coronavirus. Objective: To characterize patients with diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction according to clinical, epidemiological, echocardiographic and therapeutic variables. Methods: A descriptive and retrospective investigation was carried out from January, 2018 to November, 2022, of 835 patients with diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction, assisted in the Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery Center of Santiago de Cuba. Among the analyzed variables there were age, sex, topography of infarction, complications, echocardiographic disorders and thrombolytic treatment. Results: In the series there was a prevalence of the male sex and the 65 or less age group. A higher frequency of infarction in the lower topography (177, for 67.3 %) was observed; of these patients, 52.9 % had complications. Also, the complication of more frequency was the paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, followed by the infarction of the right ventricle; while the ejection fraction smaller than 45 %, the volume of the left auricle and the parietal motility presented statistical significance. Conclusions: Clinical, epidemiological, echocardiographic and therapeutic characteristics of patients with acute myocardial infarction in Santiago de Cuba province do not differ from the world epidemiological context.

Efficacy and safety of thrombolytic therapy in prosthetic valve thrombosis

Background: There is limited data available about the effectiveness of thrombolysis in prosthetic valve thrombosis (PVT). Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of thrombolytic treatment in PVT patients.Methods: This was an observational study conducted at a tertiary-care centre in India between March 2013 and April 2014. Total of 56 patients with either recurrent PVT or with confirmed left-sided PVT was included in the study. Thrombolytic therapy was administered as an intravenous infusion of streptokinase or urokinase, initially at a loading dose of 2.5L IU/hour over 30 minutes, followed by 1L IU/hour for 48–78 hours depending upon the clinical and 2D-Echo observation. Primary endpoint was considered as the occurrence of a complete clinical response. Secondary endpoint was considered as a composite of death, major bleeding or embolic stroke.Results: Mean age of the patients was 37±13 years. Most of the patients presented with NYHA-II (51.7%), III (39.2%), and IV (8.9%) symptoms. Mitral and aortic valve thrombosis were observed in 40(71.4%) and 11(28.6%) patients. Forty-nine (73.3%) patients were treated with streptokinase. Whereas, rethrombosis patients were treated with urokinase [6(16%)] and tenecteplase [1(1.3%)]. Two (3.6%) patients died, 1(1.8%), 1(1.8%), 2(3.6%), and 1(1.8%) patient had peripheral embolism, central nervous system bleeding, stroke, and embolic complications.Conclusions: Thrombolytic therapy can be used as the first-line treatment for thrombolysis in PVT patients. All PVT patients can be treated with streptokinase unless specific contraindications exist. Urokinase or tenecteplase is an alternative thrombolytic agent in rethrombosis patients.

Curative effect of urokinase combined with low molecular heparin sodium on arteriovenous fistula embolism / 现代临床护理

Objective To evaluate the curative effect of urokinase combined with low molecular heparin sodium in managing arteriovenous fistula embolism. Methods Toally 48 patients with arteriovenous fistula embolism treated from January 2014 to October 2015 were selected for the study, where 22 were assigned into control group and 26 as trial group according to the registration time. The former group were treated with urokinase and the latter with urokinase combined with low molecular heparin sodium. The rate of recanalization, the rate of thrombosis recurrence, and the adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Results The recanalization rate in the trial group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). The rate of thrombosis recurrence in the trial group was significantly lower than that the control group. There was no statistical difference in adverse reactions between the groups. Conclusion The thrombolytic effect of urokinase combined with low molecular heparin sodium is superior to that of urokinase alone, with a higher rate of recanalization.

Intervenção coronariana percutânea primária com trombólise química intracoronariana / Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention with Intracoronary Chemical Thrombolysis

Relata-se o caso de paciente masculino, 55 anos, com infarto agudo do miocárdio com supradesnivelamento de ST em parede anterolateral, classe Killip III. Cinecoronariografia de urgência evidenciou tronco da coronária esquerda ocluído, com alta carga trombótica que se estendia para a raiz da aorta. Foi realizada intervenção coronariana percutânea primária com balão, associada à trombectomia aspirativa e trombólise química locorregional intracoronariana, sem necessidade de implante de stent. O paciente apresentou evolução clínica satisfatória e recebeu alta hospitalar após 15 dias.

Case report on a 55-year-old male with antero-lateral ST elevation myocardial infarction, Killip class III. Urgent coronary angiography revealed an occluded left main coronary artery and high thrombotic load that extended to the aortic root. Primary percutaneous coronary intervention was performed with a balloon catheter, associated with aspirative thrombectomy and intracoronary chemical thrombolysis, with no need for a stent implant. The patient presented good clinical progress and was discharged from the hospital fifteen days later.

Caracterización clínica, epidemiológica y terapéutica de pacientes con infarto agudo del miocardio / Clinical, epidemiological and therapeutic characterization of patients with acute myocardial infarction

Se efectuó un estudio descriptivo y transversal de 140 pacientes con infarto agudo del miocardio egresados de la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos del Hospital Clinicoquirúrgico Docente "Dr. Joaquín Castillo Duany" de Santiago de Cuba, desde enero del 2010 hasta diciembre del 2011, a fin de caracterizarles según aspectos clinicoepidemiológicos y terapéuticos. Entre las variables analizadas figuraron: edad, sexo, factores de riesgo asociados, topografía, gradación de Killip y Kimball, complicaciones, tratamiento trombolítico y estado al egreso. En la casuística predominaron el sexo masculino, el grupo etario de 60-69 años y el infarto de cara anterior. Los factores de riesgo más frecuentes fueron la hipertensión arterial (60,0 %), la cardiopatía isquémica previa (44,3 %) y el hábito de fumar (30,0 %). Aunque hubo dificultades en la aplicación de la trombolisis, la mayoría de los afectados (85,7 %) egresaron con vida.

A descriptive and cross-sectional study of 140 patients with acute myocardial infarction discharged from the Intensive Care Unit of "Dr. Joaquín Castillo Duany" Teaching Clinical Surgical Hospital in Santiago de Cuba was carried out from January, 2010 to December, 2011, in order to characterize them according to clinical, epidemiological and therapeutic aspects. Among the analyzed variables there were: age, sex, associated risk factors, topography, Killip and Kimball gradation, complications, thrombolytic treatment and state at discharge. Male sex, the age group 60-69 years and the heart attack of anterior aspect prevailed in the case material. The most frequent risk factors were hypertension (60.0 %), the previous ischemic cardiopathy (44.3 %) and the smoking habit (30.0 %). Although there were difficulties in the application of the thrombolysis, most of those affected (85.7 %) were discharged alive.

Caracterización clinicoepidemiológica de pacientes con infarto agudo del miocardio egresados de una unidad de cuidados intensivos / Clinical epidemiological characterization of patients with acute myocardial infarction discharged from an intensive care unit

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal, a fin de caracterizar 64 pacientes diagnosticados con infarto agudo del miocardio, los cuales egresaron de la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos del Hospital Clinicoquirúrgico Docente "Dr. Joaquín Castillo Duany" de Santiago de Cuba, desde enero hasta diciembre del 2008. En la casuística predominaron el sexo masculino y el grupo etario de 55-64 años. Asimismo mientras mayor fue el tiempo prehospitalario hubo más complicaciones, siendo estas menos frecuentes en los afectados con trombolisis, a pesar de que en más de la mitad de los pacientes no se cumplió con el tratamiento trombolítico. Se demostró que el mayor número de pacientes que egresó precozmente fue sometido a este tratamiento.

ABSTRACT A descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted in order to characterize 64 patients diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction, who were discharged from the Intensive Care Unit of "Dr. Joaquín Castillo Duany" Clinical Surgical Hospital of Santiago de Cuba, from January to December, 2008. Males and age group of 55-64 years prevailed in the case material. Also, the greater prehospital time was the more complications were, which were less frequent in those with thrombolysis, although in more than half of patients thrombolytic treatment was not administered. It was demonstrated that the higher number of patients that were early discharged received this treatment.

Registro de calidad de atención del infarto agudo de miocardio en los hospitales públicos de la ciudad de Buenos Aires / Registry of Quality of Medical Care for Acute Myocardial Infarction at Buenos Aires Public Hospitals / Registry of Quality of Medical Care for Acute Myocardial Infarction at Buenos Aires Public Hospitals

Introducción El pronóstico de los pacientes con infarto agudo de miocardio no parece haber mejorado en las últimas décadas en nuestro país, según las encuestas realizadas por la Sociedad Argentina de Cardiología. Se han elaborado indicadores de calidad como parte de una iniciativa para reducir la brecha entre el manejo práctico y las recomendaciones teóricas acerca de cómo se deberían tratar estos enfermos. Objetivo Documentar a través de indicadores de calidad la práctica actual en el manejo del infarto agudo de miocardio en hospitales del Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Material y métodos Se incluyó una cohorte prospectiva de 145 pacientes con diagnóstico de infarto agudo de miocardio e indicación de terapia de reperfusión. Resultados En la mayoría de los pacientes se instituyó tratamiento de reperfusión, ya sea con angioplastia o con trombolíticos. La tasa de empleo de drogas de probado beneficio fue cercana al 90%. La proporción de pacientes tratados con trombolíticos dentro de los tiempos recomendados fue del 30%, similar a la de los pacientes admitidos en centros con hemodinamia y tratados con angioplastia primaria. Por otra parte, entre los enfermos transferidos entre hospitales para angioplastia primaria, el tiempo puerta-balón fue menor de 90 minutos en menos del 3% de los pacientes. Conclusiones Los resultados sugieren que la calidad de atención de los pacientes con infarto es adecuada, excepto en lo relativo al tratamiento de reperfusión, donde persisten demoras en el empleo tanto de trombolíticos como de las técnicas invasivas de reperfusión.

Background The prognosis of patients with acute myocardial infarction does not seem to have improved in our country during the last decades according to the last surveys of the Argentine Society of Cardiology. Indicators of quality have been elaborated as part of an initiative to reduce the gap between practical management and theoretical recommendations about how to treat these patients. Objective To document the quality of current medical practice in the management of acute myocardial infarction in public hospitals depending on the Government of the City of Buenos Aires. Material and Methods We included a prospective cohort of 145patients with acute myocardial infarction and indication of reperfusion therapy. Results Most patients underwent reperfusion treatment with angioplasty or thrombolytic agents. The use of drugs of proven efficacy was almost 90%. The proportion of patients treated with thrombolytic agents within the recommended time intervals was 30%, similar to those of patients admitted to centers with catheterization laboratory facilities and treated with primary angioplasty. In patients transferred to hospitals for primary angioplasty, door-to-balloon time was <90 minutes in less than 3% of patients. Conclusions These results suggest that quality of medical care for patients with myocardial infarction is adequate, yet there are still delays in the implementation of reperfusion therapy, either thrombolysis or invasive reperfusion techniques.

Evaluación de las acciones de enfermería en el Tiempo Puerta Aguja en pacientes con tratamiento trombolítico / Assessment of the nursing actions in the Needle-Door-Time in patients under thrombolytic treatment

La atención del paciente con Infarto Agudo del Miocardio desde los primeros momentos, es la piedra angular de su supervivencia, así como la rapidez en la administración del tratamiento trombolítico. Nos propusimos realizar un estudio descriptivo evaluativo de corte transversal, con el objetivo de determinar el tiempo utilizado para las acciones de enfermería en el intervalo Puerta Aguja a los pacientes con Infarto Agudo del Miocardio sometidos a tratamiento trombolítico en el servicio de urgencias en el periodo de Junio- Diciembre 2009. El universo estuvo constituido por 50 pacientes trombolizados. Se utilizó la técnica de la observación para evaluar las acciones de enfermería realizadas a los pacientes, para lo cual se construyó una guía de observación para las habilidades prácticas. El tiempo utilizado para la clasificación del paciente con IAM, identificación de contraindicaciones absolutas, a través del interrogatorio y examen físico fue de 10 minutos, en la mayoría (96 por ciento) de los pacientes. Un porciento similar se les preparó y administró el tratamiento trombolítico en igual periodo de tiempo. El electrocardiograma fue realizado en la totalidad de los pacientes en un tiempo óptimo de 10 minutos. El cumplimiento de los intervalos de tiempo de las acciones de enfermería relacionadas con el Tiempo Puerta - Aguja permitió que la mayoría de los pacientes recibieran el tratamiento trombolítico en un tiempo de 30 minutos(AU)

From the first times, the care to patient presenting with an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the cornerstone of its survival, as well as the speed to administer the thrombolytic treatment. The objective of present paper was to conduct a cross-sectional, evaluative and descriptive study to determine the time used for nursing actions in the Needle Door to patients presenting with myocardial infarction under thrombolytic treatment in the emergences service from June to December, 2009. Universe included 50 thrombolytic patients. The observational technique was used to assess the nursing actions carried out to patients designing an observational guide for practical abilities. The time used to classify the AMI patient, identification of absolute contraindications by questioning and physical examination was of 10 minutes in most (96 percent) of patients. A similar percentage was prepared for them administering the thrombolytic treatment in a similar period. Electrocardiogram was registered in all patients in an optimal time of 10 minutes. The fulfilment of time intervals of nursing actions related to Time- Door Needle allowed that most patients received thrombolytic treatment in 30 minutes(AU)

Infarto agudo del miocardio en los centros diagnósticos integrales de Vargas, Venezuela / Myocardial acute infarction in integral diagnosis centers of Vargas, Venezuela

INTRODUCCION: el infarto agudo del miocardio constituyó más del 12 por ciento de los fallecimientos por cardiopatía isquémica en Venezuela en 2006, sin evidenciarse disminución en la mortalidad a pesar del mejoramiento tecnológico de los servicios de urgencias. OBJETIVO: caracterizar su comportamiento en los centros de diagnóstico integrales del Estado de Vargas, en el período comprendido de junio de 2006 a junio de 2009. MÉTODOS: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo para caracterizar el comportamiento del infarto agudo del miocardio en los servicios de urgencia y emergencia de los centros de diagnóstico integrales utilizando las estadísticas de la Misión Barrio Adentro. RESULTADOS: fueron atendidos 186 pacientes por infarto agudo del miocardio, predominaron los ingresos en la terapia intensiva (2,4 por ciento) sobre los servicios de hospitalización. Los fallecidos por esta causa fueron 35 personas, 17,1 por ciento del total de fallecidos. Fueron trombolizados el 39,2 por ciento, con el mayor número alcanzado en el 2008 con 51,2 por ciento. La letalidad por infarto agudo del miocardio osciló entre tasas de 17,3 y 20 por cada 100 pacientes vistos. La tasa de mortalidad bruta fue de 9,58 x 100 000 habitantes. CONCLUSIONES: el número de casos atendidos por infarto tuvo un comportamiento ascendente de manera estable, representaron el 0,7 por ciento del total de ingresos en estos centros, con predominio de los ingresos en la terapia intensiva sobre los servicios de hospitalización. Se le aplicó el tratamiento trombolítico con estreptoquinasa recombinante a un por ciento importante de enfermos. En los servicios de hospitalización fue superior la letalidad por esta causa. No disminuyó el riesgo de morir para los pacientes con esta enfermedad y la mortalidad general en el período estudiado fue de 35 pacientes para una tasa de 9,58 Î 100 000 habitantes

INTRODUCTION: the acute myocardial infarction was over the 12 percent of deceased from ischemic heart disease in Venezuela in 2006 without evidence of decrease in mortality despite the technological improvement of emergences services. OBJECTIVE: to characterize its behavior in the integral diagnostic centers of the Vargas State from June, 2006 to June, 2009. METHODS: a retrospective and descriptive study was conducted to characterize the behavior of myocardial acute infarction in urgency and emergency services of integral diagnostic centers using the Barrio Adentro's Statistics. RESULTS: a total of 186 patients were seen due to myocardial acute infarction with predominance of intensive therapy admissions (2,4 percent) on the hospitalization services. Those deceased from this cause included 35 persons the 17,1 percent of total of deceased. The 39,2 percent was thrombolized where the higher figure was achieved in 2008 with a 51,2 percent. The mortality from myocardial acute infarction fluctuated between rates of 17,3 and 20 by each 100 patients treated. The crude mortality rate was of 9,58 by 100 000 inhabitants. CONCLUSIONS: the figure of cases seen due to infarction had a stable increasing behavior, accounting for the 0,7 percent of total of admissions in these centers with predominance of intensive therapy admissions over the hospitalization services. Thrombolytic treatment was applied using recombinant streptokinase in a significant percentage of patients. In the hospitalization services mortality from this cause was higher. The death risk not decreased for patients presenting with this disease and the general mortality during the study period was of 35 patients for a rate of 9,58 x 100 000 inhabitants

Effect of ACEI on Insulin Sensitivity of Acute Myocardial Infarction Treated with Thrombolytic Therapy / 上海第二医科大学学报

Objective To observe the effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor(ACEI) on insulin sensiti-(vity) in dogs with acute myocardial infarction(AMI) after thrombolytic treatment. Methods Twenty dogs were made as AMI models and then underwent thrombolytic treatment.The dogs were divided into the control group(n=10) and the captopril group(n=10) randomly.Insulin,plasma glucose,erythrocyte insulin receptor(EIR),nitrogen(NO) and angiotensin Ⅱ(AT Ⅱ) were(detected) and insulin sensitivity index(ISI) was calculated.The changes of these values in the two groups were contrasted. Results After reperfusion for 120 min,in the control group,ISI and AT Ⅱgot much more rise while EIR and NO fell much more(P

Thrombolytic Treatment of Prosthetic Valve Thrombosis

BACKGROUND: Prosthetic valve thrombosis is an uncommon but serious complication. Thrombolytic therapy has recently been proposed as an alternative to surgical methods in treating this condition and is used increasingly. However, the indications for thrombolytic treatment in prosthetic valve thrombosis have not been well defined and differential diagnosis of thrombosis is still difficult. METHODS: Four symptomatic patients with prosthetic valve thrombosis underwent 9 thrombolytic sessions for 7 distinct episodes. Transthoracic or transesophageal echocardiography and cinefluoroscopy were performed and repeated after each thrombolytic session. Urokinase or rt-PA (recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator) was used and repeated dose was given if necessary. Recurrent thrombosis was treated also either with urokinase or rt-PA. RESULTS: All patients were female and mean age was 38.5 years old. Two valves were in mitral position and the other two were in tricuspid position. The anticoagulation status was inadequate in three patients. The initial success after first dose was 43% (3/7), which increased to 54% (4/7) after repeated thrombolytic therapy. Thrombolytic therapy was failed in three episodes; two thromboses and one ingrowths of pannus. Operations were needed in these cases. No complication was seen. CONCLUSION: Thrombolytic treatment can be used as an alternative to surgical therapy with a low risk of complications. But guideline of thrombolytic therapy for the recurrent thrombosis and education for the patients about the adequate anticoagulation were needed.